Automobile Level03-Hbse- U2-S1-Automotive Bolts/machine Screws

 

Q1.         Kinematic (dkbusesfVd) Joint vkSj Rigid (fjftM) Joint ls D;k vfHkizk; gS \

Ans.       Vehicle esa lHkh assemblies dbZ Hkkxksa dks tksM+dj curh gS A dqN Hkkx ,d nwljs dh rjQ xfr dj ldrs gS] vkSj dqN fix gksrs gSA ftuesa xfr possible ugha gksrh gSA igys izdkj ds connection dks Kinematic Joint vkSj nwljs izdkj ds Joint dks rigid joint dgrs gSA

 

Q2.         (Hkkxksa dks tksM+us ) Joining dh lkekU; fof/k;ka dkSu&2 lh gS (common methods) ?

Ans.       (i) Mechanical Fasteners:-

§  Screws

§  Bolts

§  Nuts

§  Rivets

(ii) Welding

(iii) Brazing

(iv) Soldering

(v) Adehsive Bonding

 

Q3.         Fastener D;k gS \

Ans.       Fastener ,d hardware device gS tks nks ;k nks ls vf/kd Hkkxksa dks mechanically tksM+rh gSA

 

Q4.         Fastener ds izdkj crk,aA

Ans.       Screw, Nut, Bolt, Pipe plug, clinch stand, Rivet etc. (Ldzw] uV] cksYV] ikbi] Iyx] fDyp LVM] fjosV bR;kfnA)

 

 

Q1.        Bolt D;k gS \ eq[; Bolts ds type crk,aA

Ans.       Bolt ,d externally (ckgjh) threaded fastener gS ftldk iz;ksx nut ds lkFk conjunction esa fd;k tkrk gSA Automobile bolts dh dkQh variety market esa miyC/k gS tSls fd connecting red bolts, wheel bolts, hub bolts, U-bolts, lag bolts etc.

 

Q2.         Machine Screw ls D;k vfHkizk; gS \

Ans.       Machine screw ,d externally threaded headed fastener gS ftls head ij torque apply dj fdlh material esa tight fd;k tkrk gSA Machine Screw dk head vko';d ugha fd hex gh gksA ;g vyx&2 vkd`fr;ksa dk Hkh gks ldrk gSA  

 

Q3.        Standard bolt ds part dks diagam (fp=) }kjk le>k,aA

Ans.      

 

Q4.         Thread ls D;k vfHkizk; gS \

Ans.       Thread ,d helix dh form cylinder ds internal ;k external surface ridge gSA

               Thread nks izdkj ds gksrs gS %&

               1. Left Hand thread                        2. Right Hand thread

 

Q5.         Thread dh Basic terms ('kCnokfy;ka) crk,aA

Ans.       Pitch Diameter:- ;g diameter ,d dkYifud coaxial cylinder ds karallel thread dh diameter gS tks threads dks ,sls points ij intersect djrh gS tks fd thread groove ds opposite flanks ij feyrh gSA  

Major Diameter:- Major diameter dh og imaginary gS tks coaxial cylinder diameter fd internal thread dh root vkSj external thread dh crest dks tough djrh gSA

Minor Diameter:- Miner diameter, imaginary cylinder dh og diameter gS tks external thread dh root dks vkSj internal thread crest dks tough djrh gSA

               Crest:- Crest thread dh lcls ckgjh mBk gqvk Hkkx gS pkgs og external gks ;k internal gksA

               Flanks:- Flanks thread dh straight sides gS tksfd crest vkSj root dks tksM+rh gSA

               Root:- Thread dk root ,d groove dk bottom gS pkgs og internal gks ;k pkgs external gksA

Pitch:- Thread dh pitch ,d ,slh nwjh gS tks vius axis ds parallel (lkekarj) ekih tkrh gS tksfd lkFk yxrs ryksa ds chp gksrh gSA  

 

Q6.         Bolt head dh dimensioning djsaA

Ans.                      s = 1.6 D                             s = 1.8 D

                              e = 1.8 D                             e = 2 D 

                              k = 0.7 D                             k = 0.7 D

 

Q7.        lHkh izdkj ls bolt ds ckjs es crk,a \

Ans.      

(i)           Anchor Bolt:- ;g roll thread vkSj cut thread nksuksa izdkj esa miyC/k gksrs gSA budh vkd`fr ‘ J’  dh rjg gksrh gSA

(ii)           Carriage Bolt:- bldk iz;ksx wood esa fd;k tkrk gS A dqN fo'ks"k izdkj ds carriage bolts metal components esa iz;ksx gksrs gSA

(iii)          Elevator Bolt:- ;g threaded fastener Hkh wood esa iz;ksx gksrh gS gkykafd metal components dks cka/kus ds fy, blds fo'ks"k version Hkh iz;ksx fd, tk ldrs gSA

(iv)          Eye Bolt:- Eye bolt ,d ,slk screw gS ftl ,d fljs ij loop cuk gksrk gS vkSj nwljs fljs ij thread gksrs gSA

(v)           Flange bolt :- Flange bolt dks frame bolt Hkh dgk tkrk gSA T;knk cM+k bearing surface clamping force dks cM+s area ij distribute djrk gSA

(vi)          Frame bolt:- bl bolt dk iz;ksx truck frames esa gksrk gSA One piece Hexagonal bolt ftlds lkFk bearing surface gksrk gS tksfd high alloy steel dk cuk gksrk gSA blesa flange washer dh rjg dkVk djrh gSA

(vii)         Hanger bolt:- ;g bolt nksuksa fljksa ij threaded gksrs gSA ,d fljs ij wood ds fy, lag screw bolt gksrk gS vkSj nwljs fljs ij  bolt thread gksrk gSA Standard hanger bolts dks predrilled kilot hole esa fQV djus ds fy, design fd;k tkrk gSA

(viii)        Heavy Hex Bolt:- ;g standard hex bolt ls pkSM+s head okyk low carbon steel dk ,d bolt gksrk gSA ;g standard hex machine bolt ls vf/kd wrenching area miyC/k djkrk gSA bldk iz;ksx heavy industial work esa djrs gSA

(ix)          Hex Bolt:- ;g Hexagonal shape ds head dk ,d bolt gS tksfd industry esa common gSSA ;g steel, brave, silicon, bronze vkSj material ds vU; izdkj esa available gSA

(x)           Hex Machine Bolt:- ;s ,sls bolt gS ftlds ,d fljs ij hexagonal head ftlds surface ij dksbZ washer ugha gksrh vkSj nwljs fljs ij threaded waster gksrh gSA

(xi)          Socket Shoulder bolt:- ;g Hexagonal socket gksrk gS ftlesa unthreaded, shoulder head ds uhps gksrk gSA bldk iz;ksx  rotation ;k sliding application tSls fd punch vkSj die ds dk;Z esa pulley shafts esa bearing pin ds :i esa djrs gSA

(xii)         Lag Bolt:- Lag Bolt ;k screw ,d full bodied bolt gS ftldk head hex :i esa gksrk gSA blds threads gksrs gS tks vf/kd nwjh ij gksrs gSA bldk iz;ksx ydM+h ds dk;ksZa esa gksrk gSA

(xiii)        Socket Screw :- bldk gSM "kVHkqtkdkj :i esa vkSj ckgj ls csyukdkj gSM gksrk gSA bl screw dks dlus ds fy, Allen head wsench dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

(xiv)        Square head bolt:- Square head bolt dk basic size vkSj shape square ;kfu oxkZdkj gksrk gSA

(xv)         U-Bolt:- ;g ,d U vkdkj dk cksYV gS bldh nks pwM+hnkj (Threaded) Hkqtk,a gksrh gSA bldh eqM+h gqbZ vkd`fr gksrh gSA budk iz;ksx Nrksa ds fy,] vk/kkj ds fy,] ikbZiksa ds fy, vkSj batu ds shaft  Hkkxksa dks idM+s j[kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

(xvi)        Knurled bolt:- ;g ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk bolt gS ftldk iz;ksx fctyh fLopcksMZ vkSj iSuy cksMZ esa fd;k tkrk gSA

(xvii)       Plough bolt:- ;g ,d ,slk fastener gS ftldk iz;ksx cksYV head ds fit gksus okys LFkku ij etcwr fitting djus ds fy, djrs gSA vktdy plough bolt dk Hkkjh midj.kksa esa tSls fd snowplows, road graders vkSj scoop shorels vkfn esa iz;ksx djrs gSA

(xviii)      T-Head bolt:- ;g T vkdkj dk cksYV gksrk gS tks fd leku vkd`fr ds  T-head okys Slot okys machine table esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

 

Q8.         dqN Machine Screw ds izdkj crkvksA

Ans.      

(i)           Phillips pan head:- ;g NksVh&NksVh vertical Hkqtkvksa ds lkFk gYds xksykdkj vkd`fr esa gksrs gSA budh Åijh rjQ X dh rjg slotted  vkd`fr gksrh gSA

(ii)           Slotted Flat head:- bl izdkj ds machine screw dk top flat gksrk gS vkSj head ds uhps dk vkdkj 'kaDokdkj (cone shaped) gksrk gSA blesa flat bladed screw driver ds fglkc ls  slot cuk gksrk gSA

(iii)          Slotted oval head:- ;s screw head ds uhps 'kaDokdkj (cone shaped) vkSj Åijh rjQ ls round gksrs gSA blesa Hkh flat blade screw driver ds vuqlkj slot fn, gksrs gSA

(iv)          Slotted Round head:- Round head dh vkd`fr xksy xqEcn dh rjg gksrh gS vkSj xksys dk holy gksrk gSA blesa flad bladed screw driver ds vuqlkj lk/kkj.k slot fn, gkssrs gSA

(v)           Slotted hex washer head type F :- Type F esa screws tip ds thread esa cutting dh gksrh gSA blds head ds Ng fljs gksrs gS ftlls bls wrench ls [kksyk tk lds ,ao Åij flat screw driver ls [kksyus ds fy,  slot fn;k gksr gSA

(vi)          Philips Flat Head:- bl izdkj ds screw eas gSM QysaC gksus ds lkFk&lkFk dkmaVj lSV fd, gksrs gSA fQfyIl x  ds vuqlkj ds Ldzw Mªkboj ds }kjk vkWijsV gksrs gSA

(vii)         Combo Round head:- blds xksykdkj fljs dome vkd`fr ds gksrs gS vkSj xksys ds vk/ks vkdkj ds gksrs gSA Combination Mªkbo esa nksuksa slot ;k X vkdkj dh cutting nh gksrh gSA ftlls flat bladed vkSj Phillips screw driver nksuksa iz;ksx gks ldsA

(viii)        Set Screw :- bl izdkj ds screw esa head ugha gksrk vkSj iwjs ds iwjs threads, threaded hole esa tkus ds fy, gksrs gSA  

(ix)          Sheet Metal Screw:- ;g ,d ,slk screw gksrk gS ftldk viuk gh drilling fcanq gksrk gSA